Melanoma

Melanoma couples MAPK lesions (BRAF/NRAS/NF1) with immune evasion; UV damage and clonal evolution shape heterogeneity. We provide differentiation and checkpoint-related antibodies plus BRAF/MEK probes for resistance, TME, and combination studies.

Focus areas: MAPK reactivation & bypass, primary/acquired IO resistance, TMB/neoantigens, brain metastasis models

Melanoma-related antibodies (curated)

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Hot topics & directions

  • BRAF/NRAS stratification: MAPK inhibitor retreatment vs clonal mosaicism—longitudinal sampling.
  • Checkpoint resistance: IFN signaling loss, antigen presentation defects, excluded niches.
  • Targeted + IO combos: MAPKi reshaping immunogenicity—timing and toxicity tradeoffs.
  • Brain mets & BBB: Penetration and glial interactions across model systems.

Related targets

MAPK axis
BRAF, NRAS, NF1, MAP2K1/2, MAPK1/3
PI3K–AKT
PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1/2/3, MTOR
Immune checkpoints
CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1 (PD-1), CTLA4, LAG3, HAVCR2 (TIM-3)
Differentiation / lineage
MITF, SOX10, MLANA (Melan-A), TYRP1, DCT

Key signaling pathways

  1. RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK
    Core proliferation/survival; resistance often parallels RTK/PI3K feedback.
  2. PI3K–AKT–mTOR
    Metabolic/translation programs; MITF-axis balance shapes tolerance.
  3. IFNγ–JAK–STAT
    Antigen presentation & inflammation; couples to PD-(L)1 response.
  4. TNF/NF-κB 应激
    Inflammatory stress; intersects IO efficacy/toxicity contextually.

Tool compounds (research use)

Commonly used for mechanistic studies; follow your lab SOP, compound datasheets, and ethics approvals.

CompoundTargets / pathwaysExperimental notes
VemurafenibSelective BRAF V600MAPK probe; watch keratinocyte hyperplasia and bypass.
DabrafenibBRAF V600Often paired with MEKi; monitor fever/ocular toxicity.
TrametinibMEK1/2Standard BRAFi partner; baseline cardio/ocular monitoring.
CobimetinibMEK1/2Alternative MEK partner; rash/diarrhea management.
Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 mAb)CTLA-4Strong immune activation; colitis/endocrine AEs need vigilance.
Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 mAb)PD-1Efficacy varies with TMB/PD-L1; pair with immune infiltrate readouts.
Encorafenib + Binimetinib (combo)BRAF + MEKClinical combo mapping; translate doses carefully in animals.