Metabolism

Metabolism research spans glucose, lipid, and amino-acid pathways tightly linked to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. We provide pathway antibodies, enzyme modulators, and assay-oriented tools to dissect regulatory networks and disease susceptibility.

Focus areas: hepatic & peripheral insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial oxidation/biogenesis, lipogenesis vs lipolysis, tumor microenvironment reprogramming

Metabolism-related antibodies (curated)

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Hot topics & directions

  • Glucose flux & organ partitioning: Coupling hepatic gluconeogenesis vs peripheral disposal—tracer/isotope readout design.
  • Lipid metabolism & ectopic lipid: Relative roles of DNL, FAO, and lipotoxicity in NAFLD/NASH models.
  • Nutrient sensing & mTOR–autophagy: Amino-acid/Rag–mTORC1 integration of stress vs anabolism.
  • Cancer & immune metabolism: Warburg, glutaminolysis, and checkpoint-relevant metabolic crosstalk—validation framing.

Related targets

Insulin–PI3K–AKT arm
INSR, IRS1/2, PIK3R1, AKT1/2/3, FOXO1, GSK3β, AS160/TBC1D4
Central nutrient hubs
PRKAA1/2 (AMPK), MTOR (mTORC1/2), RAG GTPases, LKB1/STK11
Lipogenic transcription
SREBF1/2, PPARG, PPARD, ACACA, FASN, ACLY
Mitochondria & OXPHOS
PDHA1, IDH1/2, CS, OXPHOS complexes, PGC1A/NRF1 axis (context-dependent)

Key signaling pathways

  1. Insulin → IRS → PI3K–PDK1–AKT → AS160/GLUT4
    Peripheral glucose uptake/anabolism; crosstalk with inflammatory stress.
  2. AMPK ↔ mTORC1
    Energy deficit suppresses anabolism and promotes catabolism/autophagy initiation.
  3. SREBP–ACC–FASN lipogenic program
    Nutrient excess/insulin can upregulate DNL with tissue-specific sensitivity.
  4. TCA cycle ↔ cataplerosis/anaplerosis
    Glutamine anaplerosis links biosynthesis to oxidative metabolism via cataplerosis.

Tool compounds (research use)

Commonly used for mechanistic studies; follow your lab SOP, compound datasheets, and ethics approvals.

CompoundTargets / pathwaysExperimental notes
MetforminMitochondrial complex I / AMPK axis (model-dependent)Common metabolic/IR positive control; in vitro dose windows vary by cell type.
AICARAMPK-activating tool compoundEnergy-stress readouts; pair with phospho-AMPK/ACC and watch AMPK-independent effects.
Compound CAMPK (tool antagonist; promiscuous)AMPK dependency controls; avoid over-interpreting single-dose effects.
RapamycinmTORC1 (FKBP12–Raptor)Nutrient sensing/autophagy switch; chronic dosing may engage mTORC2 feedback.
2-Deoxy-D-glucoseHexokinase / glycolytic flux (tool)Warburg/glycolysis dependency; mind non-specific stress and controls.
EtomoxirCPT1 / fatty-acid oxidation (dose & off-targets)FAO dependency; high doses can off-target—use dose–response and palmitate oxidation readouts.
OligomycinATP synthase (OXPHOS)OXPHOS/MitoStress assays; cytotoxic—control exposure time.