Endocrine & hormone · target hub

GC

Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase (GC)

GC is a Hormone binding & transport on the endocrine & hormone axis. Mediates the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamate residues to calcium-binding gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues with the concomitant epoxidation of vitamin K hydroquinone to vitamin K epoxide (PubMed:17073445, PubMed:39880952, PubMed:39880037). Couples epoxidation a… It is indexed under "Hormone-binding proteins & carriers" on our pathway page for antibodies, inhibitors, and assay guidance.

Back to pathway overview Search: GC UniProt (P38435)

Research notes

Combine with other genes in the same hub block via genetics or pharmacology to test non-redundant roles of GC.
For nuclear receptors pair ligands, co-regulators, and reporter assays; for membrane receptors note GPCR/RTK downstream and desensitization.
Verify antibody clone, phospho-site, and stimulation; include KD/KO or inhibitor controls.

On the pathway hub (sections)

Hormone-binding proteins & carriersbinding-globulins

Genetic lesions & expression context (quick reference)

Type / example	Domain / context (brief)
Expression context	Tissue/cell-type–dependent expression
Rare variants	Sporadic variants—require functional validation
Pathway coupling	Co-occurs with neighboring nodes on the hub

Naming and prevalence vary by cohort and assay—annotate clinically with COSMIC, ClinVar, OncoKB, and datasheets; research context only.

Assay readouts for GC

Binding: GC hormone SPR/radioligand binding.
Transport: membrane or nuclear transporter substrate uptake.

Binding globulins: free vs total hormone fractions.
Tissue distribution: liver/kidney expression & drug-interaction context.

GC experimental notes

Examples below reflect common literature and public resources (e.g., CCLE, DepMap)—validate genotypes, expression, and passage in your own stocks before committing assays.

[1] Cell lines commonly used for GC studies (examples)

Tool lines: HepG2, HEK293T, MCF-7, HeLa, Caco-2—screen by GC expression and pathway context (CCLE/DepMap).
Combine with neighbors (SHBG, SERPINA6, ALB, IGFBP1) via KD/pharmacology to test non-redundancy.
Overexpression/rescue in HEK293T supports mechanism and IP workflows.
Isogenic/CRISPR models separate pathway dependency from bypass survival.

[2] Cell samples for GC Western blot

Whole-cell lysates—optimize RIPA/NP-40 per antibody; phosphatase inhibitors for phospho blots.
Stimulation: serum starvation ± insulin/EGF or amino-acid withdrawal/refeed as relevant.
Controls: siRNA/shRNA, CRISPR KO, or inhibitors to validate band specificity.
Loading: BCA normalization; subcellular fractionation when needed.

[3] Tissue samples for GC Western blot

Matched tumor/adjacent frozen tissues after pathology review.
Mouse GEMM or xenografts—mind species antibody cross-reactivity.
Primary cells/PDCs when ethically approved.
FFPE needs specialized extraction; frozen tissue preferred for phospho work.

[4] Cell samples for GC immunoprecipitation

Tagged overexpression: HEK293T FLAG/HA-GC for complex capture.
Endogenous IP: high-expression lines; often ≥1–5×10⁶ cells per IP.
Stimulation: ligand or nutrient treatments enrich interactions—pilot time courses.
Controls: isotype IgG, empty vector, KD/KO negatives.

Human tissues and primary cells require ethics/IRB approval; tumors are heterogeneous—record histotype, site, and preservation conditions.

Bypass & related pathways

Models & genetics note

Overexpression vs endogenous GC can differ in dosage, splicing, and compartmentation—in organoids/PDX, record passage, matrix, and drug history.

Quick search presets

GC GC antibody GC ligand/agonist hormone/receptor antibody

GC-related antibodies (keyword-biased)

Adds GC keyword bias atop the 内分泌和激素 antibody pool—if sparse, use presets above or global search.

Neighboring targets (same hub)

SHBG SERPINA6 ALB IGFBP1 IGFBP2 IGFBP3 IGFBP4 IGFBP5

External databases & resources

FAQ

This content supports research reagents and pathway education—not medical advice. Annotate mutations, drug indications, and protocols with authoritative databases, datasheets, and institutional oversight.

Last reviewed: 2026-05-18

Related on this site

See the endocrine & hormone hub for neighboring targets—cross-check PI3K, MAPK, RTK, and metabolism pages as needed.

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